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1995-08-12
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Installation instructions for XFree86[TM] 3.1.2 Linux distribution [7/23/95]
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Introduction
------------
This is the Linux binary distribution of XFree86 release 3.1.2.
Please read this document carefully before installation, and the included
doc package for detailed configuration information.
An ELF version of this distribution is now available. Instructions
for using the ELF distribution is provided below.
Requirements
------------
(If using the a.out distribution)
Linux 1.0, 1.2, or later
libc-4.5.26, or newer
libm-4.5.26, or newer
ld.so-1.4.3, or newer
shadow-3.3.2 (if using xdm-shdw)
(If using the ELF distribution)
Linux 1.2, or later
libc-5.0.9, or newer
libm-5.0.0, or newer
ld.so-1.6.6, or newer
shadow-3.3.2 (if using xdm-shdw)
This distribution was tested using Linux 1.2.1 and should work
without problems on all versions 1.0, 1.2, and later. Kernel networking
support is required, although each server will work without TCP support
(using the "partial network" option). In order to use the XShm extension,
kernel shared memory support is required. All serial and bus mice detected
by the kernel are supported by the servers.
Contents
--------
Both a.out and ELF distributions are composed of the following parts:
name req/opt description
X3128514.tgz R[1] Server for 8514-based boards.
X312AGX.tgz R[1] Server for AGX-based boards.
X312Ma32.tgz R[1] Server for Mach32-based boards.
X312Ma64.tgz R[1] Server for Mach64-based boards.
X312Ma8.tgz R[1] Server for Mach8-based boards.
X312Mono.tgz R[1] Server for monochrome video modes.
X312P9K.tgz R[1] Server for P9000-based boards.
X312S3.tgz R[1] Server for S3-based boards.
X312SVGA.tgz R[1] Server for Super VGA-based boards.
X312VGA.tgz R[1] Server for VGA/EGA-based boards.
X312W32.tgz R[1] Server for ET4000/W32-based boards.
X312bin.tgz R The rest of the X11R6 binaries.
X312cfg.tgz R Configuration files.
X312doc.tgz R XFree86 documentation and manpages.
X312fnt.tgz R Basic fonts.
X312inc.tgz R Include files.
X312lib.tgz R Shared X libraries and support files.
X312ctrb.tgz O Selected contrib programs.
X312f100.tgz O 100-dpi screen fonts.
X312f75.tgz O 75-dpi screen fonts.
X312fbig.tgz O Large Kanji and other fonts.
X312fscl.tgz O Scaled fonts (Speedo, Type1).
X312fcyr.tgz O Cyrillic fonts.
X312jdoc.tgz O Japanese version of some docs.
X312lkit.tgz O[2] Server linkkit for customization.
X312man.tgz O Manual pages.
X312pex.tgz O PEX binaries, includes and libraries.
X312slib.tgz O Static X libraries and support files.
X312ubin.tgz O[3] Daemons which reside in /usr/bin.
X312xdms.tgz O Shadow password version of xdm.
X312xtra.tgz O Extra XFree86 servers and binaries.
X312alib.tgz O[4] A.out shared libs for the ELF distribution.
X312aslb.tgz O[4] A.out static libs for the ELF distribution.
R = Required for basic operation.
O = Optional.
1 = Select server required for your board. If you're unsure which
server to choose, run SuperProbe (in the bin package).
2 = Use the linkkit to create a server with PEX and/or XIE support.
3 = Includes rstartd, for the rstart client. Must be installed in /.
4 = Required for backward a.out compatibility.
A.out or ELF?
-------------
The traditional format of Linux executables and libraries is known
as a.out (the shared libraries are still a.out, although they are also
known as DLL libraries). ELF is a newer format which is much easier to use
and program with, and is standard on many other Unixes. Because of this,
ELF is expected to quickly overtake a.out as the default Linux format.
However, as ELF support is still maturing, the Linux distributions
of XFree86 provide both a.out and ELF versions. The ELF version contains
portions of the a.out libraries so current binaries will run. In addition
the a.out programming libraries are also provided, so external libraries
can continue to be used.
Installation
------------
The distribution was compiled to reside in /usr/X11R6. The entire
installation takes up about 42Mb. A "normal" installation takes up about 15Mb.
The names of each tarfile has been created to fit onto filesystems with 8.3
filename requirements, but this is not true of the contents.
The installation must be done as root as there are binaries which
must be unpacked setuid-root. Note that setuid-root operation is not required
when using xdm. Each package is tarred up relative to /usr/X11R6 rather than /,
so it's possible to unpack the distribution on another partition and make a
symlink from there to /usr/X11R6.
Each tarfile has been compressed using gzip, so the command
`gunzip < {xxx.tgz} | tar xfBp -' will decompress and untar the file.
At the very least, you will have to unpack all of the required
packages described above. The optional packages can be unpacked now or
later. Note that some toplevel directories will be created with 0777
permissions. This can be fixed by running the following:
chmod 755 `find /usr/X11R6 -type d -perm 777`
The next step is to configure the server. First, make sure the
symbolic link /usr/X11R6/bin/X points to the correct server. As mentioned
above, if you're unsure about which server to select, run the SuperProbe
program (in /usr/X11R6/bin) which should give you that information.
Then, you have to create a configuration file XF86Config, found in
/usr/X11R6/lib/X11. The distribution provides a sample XF86Config.eg,
which can be used as a starting point. The program xf86config can be
used to generate an XF86Config file in an interactive fashion. If upgrading
from XFree86 2.1, the old Xconfig can be turned into an XF86Config using
the reconfig program, available in the bin package. The new format has been
extensively improved, so read the XF86Config manpages and all documentation
regarding your server. The xvidtune program can prove useful in tuning
video modes for the server.
The X libraries use the dynamic linker, ld.so, which must be
installed. Make sure that /usr/X11R6/lib is one of the entries in
/etc/ld.so.conf, or add it to your LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variable.
After installing, run ldconfig to update the system with the location of
the new X libraries.
Finally, add /usr/X11R6/bin to your PATH, before the entry for
/usr/X386, if you have one, and add/usr/X11R6/man to your MANPATH.
The command `startx' can be used to start the server and any clients.
Xdm is also available for remote and local logins to the X server.
A shadow-password compatible version of xdm is available, though it
hasn't been tested. Further information on these programs is
available in the manpages.
ELF Installation
----------------
The ELF distribution is designed to supplant the a.out distribution.
This means that all ELF binaries and libraries can be found in the same
location as their a.out counterparts. The downside is that a bit of special
care is required to support both ELF and a.out on the same system.
We use a similar strategy as employed by the ELF distribution of GCC.
The /usr/X11R6/lib/i486-linuxaout directory contains the a.out shared and
static libraries. To use them, add /usr/X11R6/lib/i486-linuxaout to
/etc/ld.so.conf and run ldconfig.
To minimize the effects of upgrading to ELF, the a.out shared library
stubs (.sa) have been installed in /usr/X11R6/lib. This way one can run the
ELF XFree86 distribution yet still compile with external a.out libraries
mostly without makefile modification.
Configuration
-------------
The precompiled servers were compiled with LBX and ScreenSaver
extensions included, but without PEX or XIE extensions. The linkkit is
provided with all extensions.
All servers have been compiled with all available drivers. Smaller
servers can be generated by selecting minimal options via the linkkit.
The VGA16 and Mono servers were not compiled with dual-head support, but
this option is also available through the linkkit.
Compatibility
-------------
X11R6 is presented as a complete upgrade from X11R5. In particular,
this means that X11R6 shared libraries cannot be used in place of the
X11R5 (old X386) libraries. The major number has been upgraded on all
the shared libraries to reflect this fact.
In order to use old binaries, you must retain the X11R5 libraries.
They can either remain in /usr/X386/lib or you can move them to some other
location, remembering to update the ld.so config file /etc/ld.so.conf and
re-running ldconfig. Old binaries should be compatible with the new X11R6
server.
For instructions about using the ELF distribution with a.out
compatibility, see the ELF Installation instructions above.
Sources
-------
Sources relative to X11R6 PL11 are available from ftp.XFree86.org
under /pub/XFree86/current. The main README provided in the distribution
has detailed information about mirror sites and XFree86 in general.
Please report all errors in this distribution and documentation
to me. Thank you.
-orest
orestz@eskimo.com